FTC and States Sue Amazon Over Ad Pricing

The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), joined by a bipartisan group of 22 US states, has filed a lawsuit against com, alleging the e-commerce giant illegally raised prices for advertisers by surreptitiously raising the minimum price required to place ads that promote their products. The lawsuit was filed Monday in federal court in the Western District of Washington state, with several reports specifying the court in Seattle.

The FTC and state attorneys general allege Amazon systematically inflated auction prices for advertisers without their knowledge, costing them $20 billion or more. According to the complaint, Amazon since 2019 has “secretly and systematically overcharged” about 1.2 million advertising customers, failing to adequately disclose how it set prices for sponsored listings that appear prominently when shoppers search Amazon's marketplace.

The suit centers on three types of advertisements that run alongside search results: sponsored products, brand and display ads. The FTC's allegations date to a change in Amazon's auction rules from 2019. Online ad auctions occur in the fractions of a second typically after a search term is entered, with marketers' computer systems bidding for the right to have their messaging appear.

The FTC stated in its suit that “Amazon has been able to generate billions of dollars in profits — at the expense of its auction advertising customers.” Advertisers suffered billions of dollars in harm from higher ad prices, while the states could seek civil penalties and attempt to recover some of that money, the FTC alleged. The agency will seek “tens of billions” in damages, according to an official, though a precise amount has not yet been settled.

According to the FTC, Amazon sometimes entered its own bids in the auctions, ostensibly raising prices for others and attempting to conceal those bids from advertisers. The complaint alleges that as much as 80% of sponsored products auctions had some form of intervention by Amazon. The FTC also alleged that consumers paid higher prices for companies' goods on Amazon due to higher advertising costs.

Amazon has denied the allegations, arguing in a blog post Monday that its advertising policies aim to show shoppers the most relevant ads, and that the average cost per click for advertisers remained flat from 2019 to 2024, while the sales generated from those clicks rose. The company said its approach to pricing contradicts any suggestion of consumer harm, adding: “We provide customers the lowest prices every day across the widest selection of products, and work to ensure our retail and grocery prices meet or beat those offered by other retailers.”

Amazon argued that its auctions prioritize the relevance of products to shoppers' search terms before considering advertisers' bids, helping consumers find relevant products while keeping advertising costs competitive. The company further claimed its auction system saved advertisers $8 billion over the five years through 2025, and that average winning bids on sponsored products search ads fell 50% from 2019 to 2025. Amazon said the FTC had provided no evidence that its advertising practices harmed shoppers or that advertisers were improperly charged.

Context and Market Impact

Amazon is the world's third-largest digital ad company after Google and Meta. Its ad sales rose 26% in the second quarter to $19.8 billion and 22% in all of 2025 to $68.6 billion. Amazon shares fell about 3% in afternoon trading on Monday, though one report indicated a decline of about 2.5%.

In September last year, Amazon agreed to pay $2.5 billion in fines and reimbursements to Prime subscribers to settle FTC allegations that it deceived customers to generate subscriptions. Amazon is also expected to be in court next year to defend itself against another FTC suit alleging it illegally maintains a monopoly in online retail markets, with a trial scheduled for early next year.