Judge rejects immediate block on new birthright citizenship order
A federal judge in Maryland declined on Friday to immediately block President Donald Trump's latest executive order limiting birthright citizenship, even as she voiced doubts about its legality. The decision marks one of the first legal tests of the new order, which Trump signed on August 6.
US District Judge Deborah Boardman, an appointee of former President Joe Biden, rejected a request for a temporary restraining order sought by immigrant rights advocates. The plaintiffs, a coalition of immigrant families and advocacy groups, had previously secured a ruling from Boardman blocking enforcement of Trump's initial 2025 executive order curtailing birthright citizenship.
Boardman said the current lawsuit did not mention Trump's 2026 order, so she could not block its implementation at this time. However, she indicated she would allow the groups to supplement their complaint and set a swift briefing schedule for a renewed challenge.
"As far as I can tell, this is unprecedented," Boardman said of the new order.
Background: Supreme Court ruling and new orders
The Supreme Court on June 30 rejected Trump's initial effort to end birthright citizenship for children whose parents are not American citizens or legal permanent residents. The court found the order violated the citizenship clause of the US Constitution's 14th Amendment.
After that setback, Trump signed two new executive orders on August 6. The first, titled "Continuing to Protect the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship," seeks to exclude babies born to foreign government employees, including embassy and consulate staff, from birthright citizenship. The long-standing rule has been that children born to accredited diplomats do not receive citizenship because their parents are not subject to US jurisdiction, but Trump's order expands the exclusion to all foreign government employees living in the United States.
The second order, titled "Ending Birth Tourism," directs the secretary of state and secretary of homeland security to deny visas to suspected birth tourists. It would also deny citizenship to children whose parents are in the US temporarily or unlawfully.
Judge questions legal basis
During Friday's hearing, Boardman expressed skepticism about the new order, questioning whether the Supreme Court's ruling left any room for exceptions. She asked "where in the Supreme Court's ruling is there any reference to an exception for birthright citizenship for birth tourism?"
US Department of Justice attorneys opposed the request for a temporary restraining order, noting that federal agencies had yet to issue guidance on the new order, with implementation expected by September 5. Boardman appeared skeptical of waiting that long.
Next steps
The judge instructed the plaintiffs to address the latest executive order directly in their lawsuit and indicated she would set a briefing schedule once a revised complaint is filed. The case is expected to continue with the amended petition.
In 2025, Boardman was one of several judges who approved preliminary injunctions blocking Trump's first birthright citizenship order, declaring it unlawful.