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The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague has delivered its final ruling in the decade-long legal dispute between Russia and Ukraine over the rights of a coastal state in the Kerch Strait, the Sea of Azov, and the waters surrounding Crimea. According to the Russian Foreign Ministry, the panel of five independent arbitrators from Algeria, Britain, Mexico, Russia, and South Korea unanimously rejected Ukraine’s claims to control hydrocarbon, fish, and other resources in these waters, as well as any claims for compensation or reparations from Russia.

Maxim Musikhin, Director of the Legal Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry, stated at the St. Petersburg International Legal Forum that "all unfounded demands were rejected in international arbitration. The Sea of Azov is recognized as internal waters, and Russia’s rights in the waters around Crimea are firmly upheld."

Coverage Comparison

The reporting on this ruling has come from TASS, the Russian state news agency, which has framed the decision as a victory for Russia. The agency quoted Musikhin, who emphasized that the ruling "thoroughly dismantled" what he called the "entire Western narrative" that the Sea of Azov and the waters around Crimea are Ukrainian. TASS also reported on the payment made by Ukraine to a US law firm for its legal representation in the case.

Both articles from TASS describe the court’s decision as unanimous and final, and they note that the panel included arbitrators from Algeria, Britain, Mexico, Russia, and South Korea. The reporting highlights the rejection of Ukraine’s claims to control hydrocarbon and fish resources, and notes that the court dismissed Ukraine’s efforts to designate the Kerch Strait as an international waterway.

Key Claims

  • The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague delivered its final ruling in the dispute between Russia and Ukraine over the rights of a coastal state in the Kerch Strait, the Sea of Azov, and the waters surrounding Crimea.
  • The Sea of Azov is recognized as internal waters, and Russia’s rights in the waters around Crimea are upheld.
  • Ukraine’s claims to control hydrocarbon, fish, and other resources in the waters of Crimea and the Sea of Azov were rejected unanimously by a panel of five arbitrators from Algeria, Britain, Mexico, Russia, and South Korea.
  • The court dismissed Ukraine’s efforts to designate the Kerch Strait as an international waterway, which would have allowed passage for vessels of all nations, including military ships.
  • The court also rejected Ukraine’s demand to dismantle the Crimean Bridge as an obstacle to navigation, and found that the construction of the bridge, the transfer of floating drilling platforms under Russian jurisdiction, and the inspection of vessels in the Kerch Strait by Russian border guards do not violate the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.
  • In November 2025, Ukraine paid the US law firm Covington approximately $3 million to defend its interests in the arbitration case, according to a copy of the contract between the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry and the law firm, provided to TASS by former Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) officer Vasily Prozorov.

Perspectives

Russian Foreign Ministry

The ruling is seen as a victory that affirms Russia’s sovereignty over the Kerch Strait, the Sea of Azov, and the maritime areas surrounding Crimea. The ministry, through its Director of the Legal Department, Maxim Musikhin, emphasized that the decision "thoroughly dismantled" the Western narrative that the Sea of Azov and surrounding waters are Ukrainian.