A US Air Force C-17 Globemaster III bound for Antarctica returned to Christchurch less than 2.5 hours after take-off on Tuesday, following a warning about 'potentially hazardous' space activity linked to a planned Russian missile launch.

The aircraft left Christchurch Airport at about 9am, heading towards McMurdo Station, before turning around over the Southern Ocean, according to flight-tracking site Flightradar24, as reported by the NZ Herald.

Warning from Russian authorities

New Zealand's Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) said Russia's State Air Traffic Management Corporation had notified it about the planned missile launch and an 'associated potential hazard to international airspace' within New Zealand's Oceanic Flight Information Region.

The CAA subsequently established a danger area and issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) warning aircraft operators about the potential risk.

"We put in place a danger area and issued a NOTAM to alert aircraft operators to the potential hazard. This does not prevent aircraft from flying through the area, operators make their decisions based on the information available," the CAA said, as quoted by The News International.

"Much of our Oceanic FIR is over international waters, where we have limited control over activities," the authority added.

The flight was operating during the annual Winter Fly-in period, when transport flights carry personnel, equipment and supplies between Christchurch and Antarctic research bases ahead of the summer research season.