UN report: Syria failed to report nuclear activities under Assad

VIENNA — Inspectors with the N. nuclear watchdog visited several sites in Syria in August and carried out verification work, according to a confidential report circulated to member states and seen Tuesday by The Associated Press.

The International Atomic Energy Agency reported that it is “able to establish that the former Syrian authorities had failed to report nuclear material, facilities and activities as required under the NPT Safeguards Agreement.”

The information included a nuclear reactor under construction in Deir el-Zour, a fuel fabrication plant and another site used for fuel storage during the rule of former President Bashar Assad.

Deir el-Zour site

Under Assad, Syria was believed to have operated an extensive undeclared nuclear program that included a nuclear reactor built by North Korea in eastern Deir el-Zour province. The site in Deir el-Zour only became public knowledge after Israel launched airstrikes in 2007 that destroyed the facility. Syria later leveled the site and never responded fully to the IAEA’s questions about it.

The IAEA took samples at the site in 2024 and reported last year that they contained uranium particles. In August, IAEA inspectors visited the Deir el-Zour site on Aug. 29 “to monitor progress on the excavation work.”

"Based on observations made at the location, the Agency confirms that the cooling infrastructure which has now been uncovered is consistent with that of a nuclear reactor."

In its confidential report, the IAEA said that three locations were “functionally related” to the Deir el-Zour site. One was related to “conversion and/or fuel fabrication activities,” another was for “temporary storage of construction material,” and another was for the “temporary storage of construction materials being transferred to/from” the site, as well as for “planned reprocessing activities.”

The IAEA also confirmed its previous assessment that the reactor was a gas-cooled graphite moderate nuclear reactor.

Newly declared site

During the visit to Syria, IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi and a team of senior inspectors also visited a previously undeclared site in the country. Syria notified the agency of the site’s existence in a July 17 letter and invited the IAEA to cooperate.

The IAEA said this new site contained “natural uranium metal in the form of fuel rods with cladding.” The agency verified the material and confirmed “the presence of around 73 tonnes of natural uranium metal,” comprising 55 tonnes of fuel rods and the rest uranium scrap and waste. The agency reported that “all of this nuclear material is currently subject to Agency containment and surveillance measures.”

Grossi welcomed "Syria's transparency and cooperation with the agency".

Background

The UN atomic watchdog declared in 2011 that the Syrian site was “very likely” to have been a nuclear reactor. In 2008, US officials accused Syria of having sought to build a secret nuclear reactor and acknowledged Israel destroyed it in the raid. In 2018, Israel admitted carrying out a top-secret air raid against the site 11 years earlier.

No nuclear material or equipment was found at two other locations in Syria visited on August 19.