Overview

Spanish prosecutors have reported 23 sexual assaults, including nine against children, in Ceuta since the mass influx of migrants into the Spanish exclave at the end of July. Ceuta's chief prosecutor, Silvia Rojas, said the number amounted to almost one case every day since the influx began.

Rojas told El País newspaper that migrant girls were "particularly vulnerable because of their irregular status in the territory." She added that many victims did not file a report, either out of fear or because of their "current situation in Ceuta."

The Migrant Influx

At least 72,000 migrants crossed from Morocco into Ceuta on 30 and 31 July. Although most have returned, as many as 5,000 remain, according to officials. Between 1,400 and 1,600 of those still in Ceuta are children.

Ceuta's chief prosecutor said the surge in arrivals had led to a sharp rise in sexual assaults. Among the suspected attackers are four Moroccans, three Spaniards and a Belgian, according to the Efe news agency.

The Spanish Society of Epidemiology warned that violence against women "cannot be considered an isolated event," and said the crisis had exposed the difficulty of identifying and addressing violence against migrant women and girls.

One 24-year-old Moroccan woman told the BBC she had "put her life in danger" travelling to Ceuta, describing being sexually assaulted while sleeping among a mixed group of migrants.

Government Response

Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez convened a second meeting of his national security council in a week on Tuesday to tackle the issue. Economy Minister Carlos Cuerpo said a multi-million euro aid package had been approved by the cabinet to help provide essential services and cover care for unaccompanied children.

The territory's conservative mayor, Juan Jesús Vivas, has called on Spaniards to take part in demonstrations across mainland Spain in support of Ceuta on Wednesday, which coincides with the city's annual holiday.

Political Tensions

The Spanish government is facing bitter criticism from its opponents for its handling of the crisis. The hard-right Vox party said Sánchez had not "lost control of Ceuta - he has handed it over."

Arantxa Campos, president of the Ceuta Employers' Confederation, told the BBC: "We can't do anything unless these people leave."

Sánchez said on Monday that no intelligence reports pointed to "any involvement in one way or another" from the Moroccan authorities. He told Cadena Ser that his statement did not mean "it must come from a state actor."

He also said he focused on disinformation on social media "associated with both Russia and Israel and an international far-right movement." Government spokeswoman Elma Saiz said there was evidence that "various digital forums amplified what happened with the intention of fracturing and polarising Europe."

Russia and Israel have both denied any involvement. Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar accused Sánchez of "a blatant lie," and Russia's foreign ministry spokeswoman demanded proof to support the allegations.

Spanish fact-checking website Maldita said that before 30 July, when the influx began, messages circulated on Moroccan social media encouraging people to attempt the crossing, after a June ruling by Spain's Supreme Court. The court ruled that migrants intercepted at sea while attempting to reach Ceuta or Melilla could not be summarily returned under the country's special border-rejection policy.

Regional Context

Morocco has long disputed Spanish control of both Ceuta and Melilla. A previous royal visit in 2007 prompted Rabat to withdraw its ambassador from Madrid. Sánchez said on Monday that King Felipe VI would visit Ceuta "as soon as conditions allow." He noted that the King had not visited Ceuta in 20 years, despite Felipe having reigned for 12 years — it was his father, Juan Carlos, who last visited in 2007.

Sánchez also said he was the only Spanish prime minister to have made an official visit to Ceuta while in office, having travelled there on 31 July as the crisis unfolded. Some commentators suggested his comments appeared to indirectly criticise the king.

At least 100 people have died attempting to swim around the border fence, according to figures from the mayor.