Nobel laureate Ada Yonath dies at 87

Professor Ada Yonath, the Israeli scientist who won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her groundbreaking work on ribosome structure, died on Monday at the age of 87, as reported by the Jerusalem Post and The Jewish Chronicle.

Yonath was the first Israeli woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first woman in 45 years to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, according to The Jewish Chronicle. She also received the Israel Prize in Chemistry in 2002, as noted by the Jerusalem Post.

Early life and education

Born in Jerusalem in 1939, Yonath grew up in a poor, traditional Jewish family in the city's Geula neighbourhood, according to The Jewish Chronicle. She began working before the age of 12 and later gave mathematics lessons to help pay for her education.

She studied chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1962 and a master's in 1964, as reported by the Jerusalem Post, citing the Nobel Prize website. She then completed a PhD in X-ray crystallography at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1968, as reported by both outlets.

According to the Jerusalem Post, Yonath's father was a Polish immigrant who tried to earn a living running a grocery store despite having rabbinical qualifications. The family moved to Tel Aviv after his death, and Yonath went on to pursue her scientific career.

Ribosome research and Nobel Prize

After postdoctoral research in the United States, Yonath returned to Israel in the 1970s and established the country's first protein crystallography laboratory, according to The Jewish Chronicle. Her pursuit of the ribosome—the cellular machinery that translates genetic code into proteins—was initially regarded by many scientists as almost impossible, the report said.

"People called me a dreamer," Yonath recalled in an interview published in 2009 by the Weizmann Institute, as quoted by The Jewish Chronicle. "I wanted to reveal how genetic code is translated into protein," she said, comparing the scientific challenge to conquering Mount Everest.

Yonath and her colleagues made some 25,000 attempts before producing the first ribosome crystals in 1980, according to The Jewish Chronicle. Two decades of painstaking research followed before her teams determined the complete three-dimensional structures of the two subunits of a bacterial ribosome, the report said.

This work, begun in the 1970s and culminating in 2000 with the mapping of ribosome structure using X-ray crystallography, was recognized with the 2009 Nobel Prize, which Yonath shared with American scientist Thomas Steitz and Indian-American scientist Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, as reported by both outlets.

Later career and tributes

At the Weizmann Institute, Yonath led the Ribosome Group in the Structural Biology and Chemistry Department, according to the Jerusalem Post. She was elected a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 2000 and the US National Academy of Sciences in 2003, as reported by the Jerusalem Post, citing the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Israel's President Isaac Herzog described Yonath as one of the leading researchers in Israeli scientific history and a "globally path-breaking woman," according to The Jewish Chronicle. Opposition leader Yair Lapid said Yonath had demonstrated both that Israeli science could "go the farthest" and that women could break through any glass ceiling, the report added.

The Jerusalem Post quoted Weizmann Institute President Prof. Alon Chen as saying that Ada was "an exceptional scientist who pursued impossible paths with determination," and that she continued research until her last days. The institute said she was "an example and role model for scientific vision and dedication," according to the report.

Yonath is survived by her daughter, Hagit, and granddaughter, Noa, as reported by The Jewish Chronicle.