Joint US-NZ initiative for Penrhyn port

The United States and New Zealand will jointly fund a major upgrade of a World War II-era port on Penrhyn atoll in the Cook Islands, the three governments announced on September 1 during the Pacific Islands Forum in Palau. The project, to be implemented by New Zealand in coordination with the Cook Islands and the US, is intended to make ship landings safer, improve access to services, and strengthen transport and economic links for the northern Cook Islands, according to a joint statement.

Washington intends to contribute US$50 million, while New Zealand will provide NZ$17.5 million, the statement said. The announcement was made by US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau alongside Cook Islands Prime Minister Mark Brown and New Zealand's Foreign Minister Winston Peters.

Penrhyn, also known as Tongareva, was home to a military base during World War II. Its port and airstrip were originally constructed by American personnel over 80 years ago, and the airfield was used to move personnel and supplies and support aircraft transiting the region during the war, according to Landau.

"Through transformational infrastructure initiatives such as this, we are making the United States and our partners safer, stronger, and more prosperous," Landau said in the statement. He added that the project builds on a critical-minerals framework signed earlier this year with the Cook Islands.

Strategic and economic context

Peters called the partnership a "landmark decision" and "a seminal moment that we are back in the game looking after our part of the world," in an interview with 1News. He said it is the first time in years that New Zealand has partnered with the US on such a significant project. Peters said the port will have "so many reasons to use it," including fishing, transportation, countering transnational crime, and the war on drugs.

The investment comes as the US, Australia, and New Zealand seek to counter Beijing's expanding diplomatic, economic, and security footprint in the Pacific, where small island states have become more important in a contest for strategic influence. China has stepped up engagement through infrastructure, trade, and security agreements across the region.

The Cook Islands signed a comprehensive strategic partnership with China in February 2025, which included cooperation on infrastructure, maritime issues, and seabed minerals. That agreement triggered a sharp dispute with New Zealand, with which the Cook Islands is in a free association. Relations have since been repaired with a defence and security declaration.

Peters told 1News that the port development is "a lesson I hope for others to take a hard look at what's going on here as opposed to chequebook diplomacy."

Local impact and seabed minerals

Prime Minister Brown described the port as a "lifeline" for Penrhyn. The atoll is an international port of entry, and its deep lagoon will allow large vessels to enter, according to 1News.

Deep sea mining also plays a major role in the US interest in Penrhyn, with the seabed containing polymetallic nodules rich in cobalt, nickel, and other metals. Cook Islanders are divided over deep sea mining due to environmental concerns and potential economic benefits. Both the US and China have signed cooperation agreements with the Cook Islands on deep sea minerals, and US Ambassador Jared Novelly visited Rarotonga two weeks ago, saying seabed exploration was a top priority, as reported by 1News.