First-Ever Outbreak Hits Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau is confronting its first-ever mpox outbreak, a development that UNICEF has described as a "major public health event" given the country's fragile surveillance system. As of 17 August, seven adult cases have been confirmed, with no fatalities reported, according to authorities. The outbreak was declared on 4 July.

Children Bear the Brunt

Of the 46 suspected cases, 23 are children under the age of 15, and 16 of those are under four years old. UNICEF Deputy Representative Sandra Martins emphasized the heightened vulnerability of young children, noting that while mpox rarely leads to death, newborns and children are at greater risk of severe complications. The upcoming reopening of schools in September is expected to increase transmission opportunities among this group.

Surveillance Gaps and Response

UNICEF warned of "critical gaps" in surveillance, particularly in identifying contacts, testing samples, and tracing how the virus is spreading. Confirmed cases do not appear to be connected, suggesting undetected chains of transmission. UNICEF is working with the Ministry of Public Health, WHO, and partners to strengthen surveillance, contact tracing, and infection prevention. The agency has called for more than $150,000 in flexible emergency funding to support these efforts.

Understanding Mpox

Mpox is caused by a virus from the same family as smallpox. Symptoms include a distinct rash, fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, muscle aches, and fatigue. The disease spreads through skin-to-skin contact with lesions, and contact with objects used by an infected person can also transmit the virus. In the 2022 international outbreak, many fatal cases were children or people with underlying health conditions.

Calls for Vigilance

Martins urged families to seek care immediately if a child or family member develops symptoms such as rash, fever, or swollen lymph nodes, and to follow guidance on handwashing, avoiding close contact with suspected cases, and reducing stigma. "With early detection, care, and prevention, mpox can be managed and its spread reduced," she said.