Australia sets global precedent with under-16 ban

Australia became the world's first country to ban social media for children under 16 when a landmark law took effect on December 10, 2025, blocking access to platforms including TikTok, YouTube, Instagram and Facebook. As reported by Al-Monitor, The Economic Times and the Jerusalem Post, companies that fail to comply face penalties of up to A$49.5 million. The measure ranks among the toughest regulations directed at major technology platforms and has drawn international attention as governments weigh similar steps amid concerns over children's health and safety.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese highlighted the restrictions at the United Nations General Assembly in November, according to PerthNow. Since implementation, Australia's eSafety Commissioner Julie Inman Grant has issued warnings over compliance failures and become involved in legal action with tech companies. In May she sought additional powers to obtain evidence during investigations. Communications Minister Anika Wells introduced amendments in June to strengthen the ban; those changes passed the House of Representatives and were referred to a Senate inquiry on July 1.

Wells told parliament the amendments responded to concerns that platforms were attempting to circumvent the rules. She said the commissioner is investigating five major platforms—Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok and YouTube—and accused the companies of using "dirty tricks" drawn from the "big-tech playbook." No company has yet been fined despite the multi-million-dollar penalties available.

A parliamentary committee chaired by Senator Varun Ghosh recommended that the new laws be passed. The committee welcomed higher penalties and identified a proposed Digital Duty of Care as a priority. Parliamentarians are due to return to Canberra on September 7.

Enforcement debate inside Australia

PerthNow reported differing views within the Senate inquiry. Ghosh acknowledged opposition from the Greens, the Coalition and independent Senator Fatima Payman. Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young called for greater regulation of "toxic algorithms" and implementation of the Digital Duty of Care. Payman's dissenting report contained 11 recommendations, including a declaration that the bill should not be passed; she urged stronger action against algorithms, said social media was altering users' "brain chemistry," and called for a ban on big tech collecting children's data to prevent targeted advertising and profiling of under-18s.

Coalition shadow Communications Minister Sarah Henderson accused Wells of trying to "rush" the changes without proper transparency and disputed a claim about document shredding, saying it lacked factual basis. Henderson expressed disappointment that the committee recommended passage without amendment. Ghosh indicated that some members had lost sight of the review's intended scope.

Moves across Europe and beyond

Multiple governments have advanced or proposed restrictions, according to accounts carried by Al-Monitor, The Economic Times and the Jerusalem Post. Britain plans to approve a ban for under-16s by Christmas, with the measure expected to take effect around spring 2027, as stated by Keir Starmer on June 15. Starmer also said big tech firms must stop children circulating nude images on their phones or face legislation requiring Apple and Google to build or activate technical solutions on smartphones and tablets to detect and block such images for children; adults would retain access through age verification.

Denmark announced in November a ban for under-15s, with parental permission possible down to age 13. France's parliament approved a similar under-15 ban in July, but the country's top court blocked the bill on August 14, citing freedom of expression. Germany permits minors aged 13 to 16 to use social media only with parental consent; child protection advocates say the controls remain insufficient. Italy requires parental consent for under-14s.

Greece is "very close" to announcing an under-15 ban, a senior government source said on February 3. Poland's ruling party is preparing legislation to ban under-15s and hold platforms responsible for age verification, announced on February 27. Slovenia is drafting a law to prohibit under-15 access, Deputy Prime Minister Matej Arcon said on February 6. Spain's Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said in February the country would ban under-16 access with mandatory age verification; Digital Transformation Minister Oscar Lopez later stated Spain would push new rules for social networks and AI despite tech industry lobbying. Sweden's government-appointed commission recommended a minimum age of 15 on June 2, with platforms responsible for verification, according to investigator Lisa Englund Krafft. Norway proposed raising the consent age to 15 in 2024 and is working on an absolute minimum age of 15. Turkey's parliament passed legislation banning under-15 use on April 24.

At the European level, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on May 12 that the EU would target "addictive and harmful design practices" in a planned Digital Fairness Act. The European Parliament in November agreed on a resolution calling for an EU-wide ban on access for children under 16 without parental consent and an outright ban for those younger than 13.

Asia, Middle East and other jurisdictions

China's cyberspace regulator operates a "minor mode" programme imposing device-level restrictions and app-specific screen-time limits by age. Malaysia began barring under-16s from registering on social media platforms on June 1. India's chief economic adviser called for age restrictions in January, describing platforms as "predatory." The United Arab Emirates approved a resolution setting the minimum age at 15 on June 18, becoming the first Arab country to do so.

New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon has proposed a ban for under-16s, with fines of up to 10 percent of a platform's global revenue and requirements for age verification using existing account data, facial technology and digital identity documents. In the United States, legislation known as the Kids Online Safety Act cleared a political hurdle after Senator Ted Cruz said on May 12 he would support it; the bill would require companies to exercise reasonable care in designing features that could harm minors. The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act already restricts collection of personal data from children under 13 without parental consent, and several states have passed parental-consent laws that have faced free-speech court challenges.

Platform rules and ongoing concerns

Social media platforms including TikTok, Facebook and Snapchat require users to be at least 13 to sign up. Child protection advocates maintain that these controls are insufficient, and official data in several European countries show large numbers of children under 13 hold accounts. Governments continue to cite mental-health risks, online bullying and exposure to harmful content as drivers of the regulatory wave that began with Australia's ban.

Perspectives

Australian government ministers and the Senate committee majority argue that tougher penalties, expanded investigatory powers and a Digital Duty of Care are necessary to close compliance gaps and protect children after platforms allegedly sought to undermine the original ban. Opposition voices, including Greens and independent senators, contend that the legislation should go further by regulating algorithms and prohibiting data collection on minors, or that it should not pass in its current form. Coalition senators have criticised the process as rushed and insufficiently transparent, while expressing disappointment at the recommendation to pass the bill without amendment.