Supreme Court Overturns NGT Verdict

The Supreme Court has quashed a 2017 National Green Tribunal (NGT) order that held the Art of Living Foundation liable for environmental damage to the Yamuna floodplains during its 2016 World Culture Festival. The court also directed the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) to refund the Rs 5 crore deposit made by the organisation within four weeks, invalidating all consequential and interim actions taken against it.

The bench, comprising Justices Satish Chandra Sharma and NK Singh, ruled that the material on record did not prove that the festival caused damage to the site. According to Times Now, the court found "ample material" showing the event site was already in a dilapidated condition before it was handed over to the organisers. ThePrint reported that the court also held that the NGT relied too heavily on an expert committee's report, which used unclear photographs and a single Google Earth image.

Background of the Dispute

The World Culture Festival was organised by the Art of Living Foundation (through Vyakti Vikas Kendra India) on 25 hectares of the Yamuna floodplains in Delhi in March 2016. In February that year, environmental activist Manoj Misra moved the NGT, arguing that large-scale preparations would harm the ecological balance of the river and its adjoining wetlands.

The NGT appointed an expert committee that submitted reports concluding the floodplains were "severely damaged." A third report in November 2016 proposed a Rs 42-crore rehabilitation plan over 10 years. Based on these findings, the NGT held the organisers liable under the principle of "no-fault liability" and directed the deposit.

Court's Reasoning

The Supreme Court rejected the NGT's application of "no-fault liability" and the "polluter pays" principle, distinguishing between rehabilitation and restoration. ThePrint reported that the court said the tribunal got swayed by the committee's report without examining contemporaneous evidence. The court also criticised the DDA for granting permission to hold the event on an active floodplain, stating that the authority failed in its duties towards the public.

Directions and Reactions

The court directed the DDA to refund the Rs 5 crore deposit within four weeks and affirmed that the DDA remains responsible for ongoing rehabilitation work as per the tribunal's plan.

In a statement, the Art of Living welcomed the verdict, saying it brought closure to a "decade-long media trial and false allegations." The organisation's release noted that the festival had participation from over 155 countries and 3.5 million attendees, and was chaired by former Chief Justice of India R C Lahoti. The late Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former UN Secretary-General, was to co-chair the event but passed away a month before.

An official spokesperson said the "ridiculous attitude of certain vested interests" in falsely accusing the organisation had been exposed.