Lead

South Korea's potential economic growth rate is set to fall to a record low in the fourth quarter of next year, according to the latest data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as reported by Yonhap News. The projected decline extends a trend that has been underway since 2012 and has sparked warnings that the country risks sinking into a low-growth trap without fundamental structural reforms.

The OECD estimates that South Korea's potential growth rate—the maximum rate at which the economy can expand without triggering inflation—will reach 1.52 percent in the October-December period of next year. That would mark a sharp drop from 1.92 percent last year and an estimated 1.71 percent this year. The forecast for next year is 1.57 percent.

Coverage Comparison

The projections come with differing emphases across reports. One analysis focusing on the overall trend notes that the potential growth rate has been on a steady decline since 2012, when it stood at 3.63 percent. If the decline continues through next year, it would mark the 15th consecutive year of falling potential growth. Another report highlights the widening gap with the United States, noting that since 2023, South Korea has trailed the world's largest economy in potential growth, with the disparity expected to grow from 0.03 percentage point in 2023 to a projected 0.38 percentage point next year.

Key Claims

  • Korea's potential growth rate is projected at 1.71 percent this year, with a forecast of 1.57 percent for next year.
  • The potential growth rate has declined steadily since 2012, when it stood at 3.63 percent.
  • The potential growth rate is expected to fall to a record low of 1.52 percent in the fourth quarter of next year.
  • There is a widening gap between South Korea and the United States in terms of potential growth, with Korea lagging since 2023.
  • The administration of President Lee Jae Myung has set a target of achieving 3 percent potential growth.
  • Without structural reforms, Korea's potential growth could fall into the zero percent range in the 2030s and turn negative in the early 2040s.
  • A declining birthrate and aging population are reducing the labor force, while technological innovation has slowed.

Perspectives

Administration's Growth Target

President Lee Jae Myung's administration has set a target of achieving 3 percent potential growth and declared this year as the starting point for a rebound. Officials have drawn encouragement from stronger-than-expected first-quarter growth of 1.7 percent, though analysts caution that this figure reflects temporary factors such as a semiconductor upcycle, exchange rate effects, and a low base from the previous year.

Economic Analysts' Concerns

Economic analysts and institutions, including the Bank of Korea and the Korea Development Institute, warn that Korea's potential growth is declining at an unusually steep pace. They point to structural challenges such as a shrinking labor force due to low birthrates and an aging population, as well as slowing technological innovation. The Korea Development Institute has warned that without structural reforms, potential growth could turn negative in the early 2040s.