Lead
Chinese electric vehicle (EV) makers are opening a new front in their long-running rivalry with Tesla: humanoid robots. After years of competing on electric cars and autonomous driving, leading manufacturers including BYD and Xpeng are accelerating plans to mass-produce humanoid robots, betting that artificial intelligence will unlock a vast new market beyond transportation.
Coverage
EV makers target humanoid robots
According to reports from the South China Morning Post, Chinese EV giants are positioning humanoid robots as the next strategic battleground. BYD’s executive vice-president, Stella Li, said in a video posted on the company’s official WeChat account: “I believe China will become the first market to see full commercialisation of humanoid robots. BYD has made a huge investment in AI, and it will take some time before we reap the rewards.” Li indicated that BYD plans to distribute robots through its global dealer network, though no timetable for mass production was provided.
The push is seen as strengthening China’s position as a global manufacturing hub for next-generation mobility and robotics, an area increasingly viewed as a key competition point between Beijing and Washington. Tesla continues to promote its Optimus humanoid robot, and in April, Tesla’s China president, Allan Wang Hao, said the Shanghai Gigafactory could eventually produce humanoid robots, supporting CEO Elon Musk’s ambition to turn Tesla into a physical AI company. Tesla has yet to commercialise Optimus.
Tech companies race to embed AI in robots
Beyond automakers, Chinese tech firms are racing to integrate AI models into physical systems, shifting the generative AI battleground from chatbots to autonomous robots, as reported by the South China Morning Post.
Alibaba Group Holding launched its Qwen3.7-Max model last week, featuring “tool-calling” capabilities that allow the AI to act as a digital brain, triggering external software and hardware. The company said the model can control robots by orchestrating physical actions such as navigation, obstacle avoidance, and task planning. Alibaba also released a suite of supporting AI models for robotics, including a robotic gripper agent, a navigation model, and a vision-language system designed for physical-world interaction.
Earlier this month, embodied AI start-up Zeroth announced that its M1 humanoid had become the first mass-produced robot to integrate Tencent Holdings’ OpenClaw AI agent framework, enabling large language models to interpret human speech and immediately translate it into robotic movements.
Perspectives
The commercial race is driven by the belief that AI’s next phase lies in the physical world. As Wu Bangyi, chief data officer at Chinese tech company Tianyu Shuke, was quoted as saying: “The past few years of large language model development have mainly focused on solving problems in the digital world.”
While Chinese firms are moving aggressively, Tesla’s Optimus remains a prominent reference point, and the company has not yet brought its robot to market. The competitive dynamics between China and the United States in robotics are likely to intensify as both sides seek to dominate what many see as the next major industrial frontier.