Ueda Hints at September Rate Hike

Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda has signaled that the central bank is increasingly likely to raise interest rates at its upcoming policy meeting, citing the need to pay greater attention to upside price risks as inflation approaches the bank's 2% target.

Speaking to reporters on Sept. 1 after a meeting of Group of 20 finance ministers and central bankers in Asheville, North Carolina, Ueda said the BOJ's board would have a thorough debate on policy when it convenes on Sept. 17-18. He appeared at a joint press briefing with Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama.

"From the perspective of conducting policy with a risk-management approach as the underlying inflation rate approaches 2%, we have come to believe that we need to pay greater attention than before to upside risks in our policy conduct," Ueda said.

Market Expectations and External Pressure

Ueda's comments reinforced speculation that the BOJ will raise its benchmark rate at the September meeting. According to reports, overnight index swaps imply that a September hike is fully priced in. The governor declined to comment on the market's positioning but did not push back against those expectations.

Expectations have also been fueled by a series of comments from US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent hinting at the need for action. The Treasury Department stated that Bessent met with Ueda on Aug. 30 and called for "decisive" monetary steps to combat the weak yen. In a readout of their Sunday meeting, the Treasury Department said Bessent emphasized the importance of sound monetary-policy formulation and communication to anchor inflation expectations and avoid excessive exchange-rate volatility.

Ueda confirmed the meeting with Bessent but did not discuss the content. He spoke after meeting with Bessent earlier in his trip to the US, and the Treasury secretary stepped up his calls for appropriate BOJ policy action this week.

Ueda's Remarks on Economy and Prices

Ueda said recent economic data have been broadly in line with the BOJ's July quarterly outlook report projections. He also noted that the price trend is very close to the bank's 2% target.

He identified several upside price risks, including the Middle East conflict, robust AI-related demand, and the boost to inflation from a weak yen. He said the BOJ must pay particular attention to these risks.

While declining to pre-commit to a September hike, Ueda said he hoped to discuss with the board whether the likelihood of the bank's economic scenario materializing was heightening and whether upside price risks were increasing—both prerequisites for further rate increases.

"We hope to continue raising interest rates as financial conditions remain accommodative. On the other hand, we've raised rates five times so far, so we need to carefully assess the cumulative impact on the economy," Ueda said.

The governor's comments were his last opportunity to speak publicly on policy before a blackout period ahead of the policy meeting, adding to their significance.

Broader Context: Bond Yields and Fiscal Spending

Japan's benchmark 10-year government bond yield hit 3% on Tuesday, the highest level in three decades. The rise comes as it became clear that Japan's ministries would request a record amount of spending for next fiscal year. Ueda characterized the rise in bond yields as largely driven by global upward pressures, but stressed that the BOJ will stay vigilant to market developments.

Finance Minister Katayama said no one at the G-20 meeting expressed concerns over Japan's finances. Global inflation and a subsequent sell-off in bond markets were key topics at the gathering.