At least 13 Tunisians are missing after a migrant boat sank off the Tunisian coast while sailing toward Italy, a migrant rights group said on Saturday. Two people were rescued from the boat, which set off early on Thursday, according to Mostafa Abdelkebir, head of the Tunisian Observatory for Human Rights.

One of the two survivors told rescuers on board a local boat that they had been stranded at sea for hours after their vessel capsized. The second survivor was in critical condition, said Abdelkebir, whose group monitors migration issues.

Missing persons figure agreed, but details differ across reports. Middle East Monitor reported that 15 migrants set off on Wednesday from the coasts of Ben Guerdane and Zarzis in the southeastern town of Medenine, and that one missing migrant was rescued on Friday. The Straits Times reported that the boat set off early on Thursday with 15 mostly young people on board, and that as of Saturday only one person had been rescued. The Straits Times also reported that a National Guard spokesperson said on Sunday that eight bodies had been recovered and the search continued for six others.

According to the Tunisian Observatory for Human Rights, reported via Anadolu Agency, the boat capsized and search operations are ongoing. The observatory, in its earlier estimates, has said about 10,000 Tunisians have gone missing at sea since 2011.

Even as the exact timeline and rescue count vary, all reporting agrees that the boat was carrying migrants from Tunisia, mostly from the Ben Guedane area, heading to Italy. The International Organization for Migration estimates more than 35,000 people have gone missing in the Mediterranean since 2014.

The sinking off the Tunisian coast comes as the country, once a major departure point for migrants, has seen the number of departures fall sharply over the last two years. That drop is attributed to a crackdown and tighter maritime border controls, including funding and equipment from the European Union and particularly from Italy.

In July, 46 rights groups including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch issued a joint stinging criticism of the EU's 2023 deal with Tunisia. They said the deal, which provides funding to curtail migration, had led to “reckless and violent interceptions at sea,” “collective and summary expulsions,” and “fueled and normalized serious human rights violations.” They called on the EU to suspend funding for migration and border-control activities involving Tunisian security forces.

Tunisia has not commented on that statement, but has repeatedly said it is bearing the brunt of a major migration influx. President Kais Bouled, referring to the influx, said in 2023 it was aimed at changing the country's demographic makeup.

Authorities said the response to the sinking includes coast guard, military, and civil protection teams, backed by two helicopters. In a related scene, dozens of young people gathered late on a Saturday in a town near the Libyan border to demand that search operations be accelerated, and police fired tear gas to disperse the crowd.

Among those on board were seven members of one family and a man with his pregnant wife, according to the head of the Tunisian Observatory for Human Rights. That same observatory’s head, the source of many of the incident details, told Reuters that the boat sank off the Tunisian coast over the weekend.

A survivor recovered from the sea said he had been adrift for 48 hours before being rescued by a commercial vessel.

Perspectives

Migrant rights groups (via the Tunisian Observatory for Human Rights)

The search and rescue and the broader incident highlight ongoing perils for migrants on the Central Mediterranean route, and their emphasis is on immediate outreach and the human cost.

Tunisian authorities

Through the National Guard and other officials, the authorities have reported the recovery of bodies and ongoing search efforts, projecting an image of a professional response to the incident.

EU and rights organizations

Legal rights groups have framed the EU's approach—including the Tunisia deal—as contributing to human rights violations and putting people in danger, calling for a pause in such funding.