Lead

As disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz and the wider region expose the vulnerability of global shipping chokepoints, Beijing is doubling down on overland trade routes across Central Asia, according to the South China Morning Post. The development reflects a long-term diversification push, with a new link to Afghanistan via Uzbekistan offering a practical example. However, observers caution that security concerns and capacity constraints could make a meaningful shift away from sea freight difficult.

Coverage Comparison

The South China Morning Post reports that China's Belt and Road Initiative has seen rapid development in Central Asia, evidenced by the launch of several railway and road routes connecting China's industrial and economic centres to logistics hubs in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. These improvements are attributed to two interrelated trends: growing trade momentum and Central Asia's strengthening position in continental logistics.

Another report from the same outlet frames the development as a response to the vulnerability of global shipping chokepoints, particularly the Strait of Hormuz. It highlights a new multi-modal freight corridor that allows containers to be moved by rail from China through Kazakhstan into Uzbekistan, then by road via Turkmenistan to Herat in western Afghanistan.

Key Claims

  • China became the largest trading partner of all Central Asian countries for the first time last year, as trade jumped by 12 per cent to exceed $100 billion. Exports to the region, dominated by high-value goods, are twice the value of imports.
  • More than 20,000 freight trains were dispatched along the direct China-Europe route last year, with the figure growing by 20 per cent year-on-year to 11,178 in the first half of this year. Express railways now connect 129 Chinese cities to 235 cities in 26 European countries.
  • The new 7,400km (4,600-mile) route to Afghanistan via Uzbekistan cuts delivery times by up to two-thirds, taking 30 days instead of two to three months via traditional sea-and-land routes through Iran or Pakistan, according to media reports in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
  • Direct trade between China and Afghanistan is limited by the rugged terrain, lack of paved infrastructure, and security concerns in China's western Xinjiang region. The two countries share a border only at the Wakhan corridor, a narrow, high-altitude strip.
  • Since April last year, freight trains have been running between Chongqing in China and the Uzbek capital of Tashkent, departing twice a month and crossing the Kazakh border to cover 4,700km.