Fatal Capsizing Off Tunisian Coast

A boat carrying migrants capsized off the coast of southern Tunisia, killing at least two people and leaving 12 missing, Tunisia's national guard said on Saturday. One survivor was rescued, according to multiple reports.

Guard spokesperson Houssem Eddine Jebabli told state news agency TAP that authorities recovered two bodies and transferred them to a hospital on the nearby island of Djerba. He told national radio Mosaique FM that about 15 people were believed to have been aboard the boat when it departed between the cities of Zarzis and Ben Guerdane.

The boat had set off early Thursday, and a commercial ship found the sole survivor on Saturday wearing a life jacket, Mosaique reported, citing testimony from the survivor. A helicopter and coast guard boats were dispatched to search for more survivors, according to an Associated Press photojournalist at the scene. The migrants were believed to be headed toward Italy.

Conflicting Accounts of the Toll

Reports on the number of casualties have varied. While the Associated Press and MassLive reported two dead and 12 missing, the Daily Express reported that 11 bodies had been found, with three missing and one survivor. The Daily Express also stated that the boat capsized around 14 nautical miles off Tunisia's south-east coast on Friday night, whereas the AP account indicates the boat set off early Thursday.

All of the migrants on board were reportedly from the Ben Guerdane area in south-east Tunisia, according to Reuters. Dozens gathered in the town late on Saturday calling for search operations to be accelerated, and police reportedly fired tear gas to disperse protesters.

Migration Context and Regional History

Zarzis has long been a departure point for Tunisians and others from Africa and beyond attempting to cross the Mediterranean toward Europe. The city witnessed a similar tragedy in 2022, when a boat carrying 18 people went missing, sparking weeks of protests as families accused authorities of failing to properly search for their relatives and burying some recovered bodies without identifying them or informing their families.

Migrant departures from Tunisia have fallen sharply since the European Union and Tunisia signed a sweeping agreement in 2023. That agreement included EU funding and technical support for Tunisian border control and coast guard training to help Tunisia curb irregular migration and deter human traffickers. The EU allocated 105 million euros ($121 million) in migration-related support to Tunisia in 2023 alone.

Despite the decline in departures, the central Mediterranean remains the world's deadliest migration route, according to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). The IOM said the number of migrant deaths on the route had more than doubled in the first four months of this year compared to 2025, with at least 914 migrants having died or gone missing along the route since the start of the year.

Responses and Concerns

Rights groups have raised concerns about the treatment of migrants and asylum seekers in Tunisia since the EU agreement, including reports of collective expulsions, racial violence, arbitrary detention, and abuses against Black migrants. In July, Amnesty International said EU support for border control in Tunisia continued to fuel serious rights violations, adding that refugees and asylum seekers were being deliberately trapped in a system that offers neither protection nor a safe way out.

The search for the missing continued, with the spokesperson for Tunisia's National Guard Directorate-General saying on Sunday that teams from the coastguard, marine customs, navy, and civil protection, as well as two helicopters, were involved in the operation.